6.8 Endnotes Tuhinga āpiti
1. OECD, First lessons from government evaluations of COVID-19 responses: A synthesis (21 January 2022), https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/first-lessons-from-government-evaluations-of-covid-19-responses-a-synthesis-483507d6/
2. The Treasury and Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Joint Report T2020/480: An intervention strategy for Economic Policy Responses to COVID-19 (6 March 2020), p 2, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-03/covid-19-t2020-480.pdf
3. The Treasury, Aide Memoire: Macroeconomic impact of COVID-19 on the New Zealand economy – Update, T2020/274, 14 February 2020, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/aide-memoire/aide-memoire-t2020-274-macroeconomic-impact-covid-19-new-zealand-economy-update-14-february-2020
The Treasury, Weekly economic updates December 2019 and January 2020 (3 February 2020), https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/weu/weekly-economic-updates-december-2019-and-january-2020
Westpac New Zealand, Weekly Economic Commentary: Virus in the ointment (3 February 2020), https://www.westpac.co.nz/assets/Business/economic-updates/2020/Weekly/3.2.20-Weekly-Economic-Commentary-Westpac-NZ.pdf
RNZ, ‘Coronavirus’ economic impact will be ‘worse that SARS’, economist says’, 3 February 2020, https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/business/408755/coronavirus-economic-impact-will-be-worse-that-sars-economist-says
4. The Treasury and Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Joint Report T2020/480: An intervention strategy for Economic Policy Responses to COVID-19 (6 March 2020), https://www.treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-03/covid-19-t2020-480.pdf
5. For more information, see: Reserve Bank of New Zealand, In Retrospect: Monetary Policy in New Zealand 2017-22 Titiro whakamuri kōkiri whakamua (10 November 2022), p 41, https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/hub/publications/monetary-policy-statement/rafimp
6. The Treasury, Treasury Report T2020/973: Economic scenarios – 13 April 2020 (13 April 2020), p 2, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/tr/treasury-report-t2020-973-economic-scenarios-13-april-2020#executive-summary
7. Stats NZ, ‘COVID-19 sees record 12.2 percent fall in New Zealand’s economy’, updated 17 September 2020, https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/covid-19-sees-record-12-2-percent-fall-in-new-zealands-economy
8. Stats NZ, ‘Unemployment rate’, updated 7 August 2024, https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/unemployment-rate
9. Post-Cabinet Press Conference: Monday, 24 February 2020, 24 February 2020, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2020-02/Press%20Conference%2024%20February%202020.pdf
10. Hon Grant Robertson, NZ economy in strong position to respond to coronavirus, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/nz-economy-strong-position-respond-coronavirus
11. Hon Grant Robertson, ‘Cabinet approves Business Continuity Package in response to COVID-19’, media release, 9 March 2020, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/cabinet-approves-business-continuity-package-response-covid-19
12. Hon Grant Robertson, ‘$12.1 billion support for New Zealanders and business’, media release, 17 March 2020, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/121-billion-support-new-zealanders-and-business
13. The Treasury and Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Joint Report T2020/480: An intervention strategy for Economic Policy Responses to COVID-19 (6 March 2020), p 2, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-03/covid-19-t2020-480.pdf
14. The Treasury, ‘COVID-19 Response and Recovery Funding – Allocation’, updated 14 June 2023, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/information-and-services/nz-economy/covid-19-economic-response/overview-covid-19-response-and-recovery-fund-crrf/covid-19-response-and-recovery-funding-allocation
15. International Monetary Fund, ‘Fiscal Monitor Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic’, updated October 2021, https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Fiscal-Policies-Database-in-Response-to-COVID-19
16. The Treasury, ‘COVID-19 Response and Recovery – What has been achieved?’, updated 13 June 2023, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/information-and-services/nz-economy/covid-19-economic-response/overview-covid-19-response-and-recovery-fund-crrf/covid-19-response-and-recovery-what-has-been-achieved
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Resurgence Wage Subsidy’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/resurgence-wage-subsidy.html
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Wage Subsidy Extension’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/wage-subsidy-extension.html
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Wage Subsidy March 2021’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/wage-subsidy-march-2021.html
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Wage Subsidy August 2021’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/wage-subsidy-august-2021.html
17. Ministry of Social Development, ‘2020 COVID-19 Wage Subsidy’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/2020-wage-subsidy.html
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Wage Subsidy August 2021’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/wage-subsidy-august-2021.html
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Wage Subsidy March 2021’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/wage-subsidy-march-2021.html
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Wage Subsidy Extension’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/wage-subsidy-extension.html
Ministry of Social Development, ‘COVID-19 Resurgence Wage Subsidy’, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/previous-payments/resurgence-wage-subsidy.html
18. Dean R. Hyslop, David C Maré, and Shannon Minehan, COVID-19 Wage Subsidy: Outcome evaluation, Motu Working Paper 23-03, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research (Wellington, July 2023), https://www.motu.nz/our-research/population-and-labour/firm-performance-and-labour-dynamics/covid-19-wage-subsidy-outcome-evaluation/
19. Dean R. Hyslop, David C Maré, and Shannon Minehan, COVID-19 Wage Subsidy: Outcome evaluation, Motu Working Paper 23-03, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research (Wellington, July 2023), https://www.motu.nz/our-research/population-and-labour/firm-performance-and-labour-dynamics/covid-19-wage-subsidy-outcome-evaluation/
MartinJenkins, Process Evaluation of the COVID-19 Wage Subsidy – Final Report, Ministry of Social Development (March 2023), https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/covid-19/wage-subsidy-evaluation-reports/covid19-wage-subsidy-process-evaluation-final-report-march-2023.pdf
20. Dean R. Hyslop, David C Maré, and Shannon Minehan, COVID-19 Wage Subsidy: Outcome evaluation, Motu Working Paper 23-03, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research (Wellington, July 2023), https://www.motu.nz/our-research/population-and-labour/firm-performance-and-labour-dynamics/covid-19-wage-subsidy-outcome-evaluation/
21. MartinJenkins, Process Evaluation of the COVID-19 Wage Subsidy – Final Report, Ministry of Social Development (March 2023), p 31, https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/covid-19/wage-subsidy-evaluation-reports/covid19-wage-subsidy-process-evaluation-final-report-march-2023.pdf
22. Office of the Auditor-General, Management of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (May 2021), p 31, https://oag.parliament.nz/2021/wage-subsidy
23. Office of the Auditor-General, Management of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (May 2021), p 6, https://oag.parliament.nz/2021/wage-subsidy
24. Office of the Auditor-General, Management of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (May 2021), p 6, https://oag.parliament.nz/2021/wage-subsidy
25. MartinJenkins, Process Evaluation of the COVID-19 Wage Subsidy – Final Report, Ministry of Social Development (March 2023), https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/covid-19/wage-subsidy-evaluation-reports/covid19-wage-subsidy-process-evaluation-final-report-march-2023.pdf
26. Courts of New Zealand, In the High Court of New Zealand Wellington Registry, The Gama Foundation v The Chief Executive of the Ministry of Social Development and The Attorney-General of New Zealand: Judgment of McQueen J, CIV-2021-485-334 [2023] NZHC 3098 (Wellington, 3 November 2023), https://thelawassociation.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/The-Gama-Foundation-v-The-Chief-Executive-of-the-Ministry-of-Social-Development-2023-NZHC-3098.pdf
Advertising Standards Authority, Complaint 23/152: The Integrity Institute (11 July 2023), https://cdn.asa.co.nz/backend/documents/2023/07/11/23152%20.pdf
27. MartinJenkins, Process Evaluation of the COVID-19 Wage Subsidy – Final Report, Ministry of Social Development (March 2023), https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/covid-19/wage-subsidy-evaluation-reports/covid19-wage-subsidy-process-evaluation-final-report-march-2023.pdf
David Williams, ‘Reviewer skewers report into $19b Covid subsidy scheme’, Newsroom, 12 January 2024, https://newsroom.co.nz/2024/01/12/reviewer-skewers-report-into-19b-covid-subsidy-scheme/
Rob Stock, ‘Covid wage subsidy ‘CSI’ investigation fails revealed as judicial review application is dismissed’, The Post 2023, https://www.thepost.co.nz/business/350105018/covid-wage-subsidy-csi-investigation-fails-revealed-judicial-review-application
28. Ministry of Social Development, ‘Wage Subsidy Integrity and Fraud Programme’, https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/wage-subsidy-integrity/index.html
29. Ministry of Social Development, ‘Wage Subsidy Integrity and Fraud Programme’, https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/wage-subsidy-integrity/index.html
30. The Treasury, ‘Budget 2021’, updated 22 December 2021, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/budgets/budget-2021
31. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2022 Overview, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2022), p 38, https://web-archive.oecd.org/2022-01-31/623215-New%20Zealand-2022-OECD-economic-survey-overview.pdf
32. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2022 Overview, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2022), p 33, https://web-archive.oecd.org/2022-01-31/623215-New%20Zealand-2022-OECD-economic-survey-overview.pdf
33. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2022 Overview, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2022), https://web-archive.oecd.org/2022-01-31/623215-New%20Zealand-2022-OECD-economic-survey-overview.pdf\
34. The Treasury and Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Memorandum of Understanding between the Treasury and the Reserve Bank of New Zealand regarding the role of the Treasury observer in respect of the Monetary Policy Committee, 20 March 2024, https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/-/media/project/sites/rbnz/files/monetary-policy/about-monetary-policy/mou-between-the-treasury-and-rbnz-regarding-the-treasury-observer.pdf
35. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2024, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2024), https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/603809f2-en
36. World Trade Organization, World Trade Report 2021: Economic resilience and trade (2021), p 87, https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/wtr21_e.htm
37. World Trade Organization, World Trade Report 2021: Economic resilience and trade (2021), pp 5, 18 and 78, https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/wtr21_e.htm
38. James Cook University Australia, ‘Inside the global supply chain shortage after COVID-19’, updated 24 May 2022, https://online.jcu.edu.au/blog/global-supply-chain-shortage-covid-19
George Alessandria, Shafaat Yar Khan, Armen Khederlarian, Carter Mix, and Kim J. Ruhl, ‘The aggregate effects of global and local supply chain disruptions: 2020–2022’, Journal of International Economics 146 (21 June 2023), 103788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103788, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022199623000740
39. Dileepa Fonseka, ‘When will supply chain woes end?’, Stuff, 5 December 2021, https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/the-monitor/127025910/when-will-supply-chain-woes-end
40. The Treasury, Treasury Report: All-of-Government paper on the Managed Economy, T2020/911, obtained under Official Information Act 1982 request to the Treasury, 7 April 2020, p 9, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2021-04/oia-20200389.pdf
41. OECD, COVID-19 and Well-being: Life in the Pandemic, OECD Publishing (Paris, 25 November 2021), https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/1e1ecb53-en
42. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2022, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2022), https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/a4fd214c-en
43. Reserve Bank of New Zealand, In Retrospect: Monetary Policy in New Zealand 2017-22 Titiro whakamuri kōkiri whakamua (10 November 2022), p 10, https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/hub/publications/monetary-policy-statement/rafimp
OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2022 Overview, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2022), https://web-archive.oecd.org/2022-01-31/623215-New%20Zealand-2022-OECD-economic-survey-overview.pdf
OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2024, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2024), https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/603809f2-en
44. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2022, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2022), https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/a4fd214c-en
45. Reserve Bank of New Zealand, ‘Past monetary policy decisions’, updated 10 July 2024, https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/monetary-policy/monetary-policy-decisions
46. Stats NZ, ‘Unemployment rate’, updated 7 August 2024, https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/unemployment-rate
47. Reserve Bank of New Zealand, ‘Past monetary policy decisions’, updated 10 July 2024, https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/monetary-policy/monetary-policy-decisions
Stats NZ, ‘Annual inflation at 2.2 percent’, updated 16 October 2024, https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/annual-inflation-at-2-2-percent/
48. The Treasury, Budget Economic and Fiscal Update 2024, 30 May 2024, Table 1 p 3, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/efu/budget-economic-and-fiscal-update-2024
49. International Monetary Fund, ‘IMF Executive Board Concludes 2023 Article IV Consultation with New Zealand’, media release, 28 August 2023, https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2023/08/28/pr23293-imf-concludes-2023-article-iv-consultation-with-new-zealand
50. Jenée Tibshraeny, ‘Nation of Debt: Why government debt is up 130% from pre-Covid’, The New Zealand Herald, 6 August 2024, https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/nation-of-debt-why-government-debt-up-130-from-pre-covid/WMYSRNTSJNH25H4UUZN3KSWDII/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email
51. Ministry of Social Development, Who received the COVID-19 Income Relief Payment (May 2022), https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/covid-19/who-received-the-covid-19-income-relief-payment-may-2022.html
52. MartinJenkins, Summary of the COVID-19 Wage Subsidy Evaluation (March 2023), https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/covid-19/wage-subsidy-evaluation-reports/wage-subsidy-scheme-a3s.pdf
53. Cabinet Paper, COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund Foundational Package, CAB-20-SUB-0219, 11 May 2020, p 12, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2020-06/b20-cab-20-sub-0219-4283397.pdf
54. Tom Dunn, Daniel Hamill, and Zhongchen Song, Unmasking COVID-19’s economic impact, NZIER Working paper 2023/01 (2023), https://www.nzier.org.nz/hubfs/Public%20Publications/Public%20good/WP2023-01%20Unmasking%20the%20economic%20impacts%20of%20COVID-19.pdf
55. Tom Dunn, Daniel Hamill, and Zhongchen Song, Unmasking COVID-19’s economic impact, NZIER Working paper 2023/01 (2023), https://www.nzier.org.nz/hubfs/Public%20Publications/Public%20good/WP2023-01%20Unmasking%20the%20economic%20impacts%20of%20COVID-19.pdf
56. Tom Dunn, Daniel Hamill, and Zhongchen Song, Unmasking COVID-19’s economic impact, NZIER Working paper 2023/01 (2023), https://www.nzier.org.nz/hubfs/Public%20Publications/Public%20good/WP2023-01%20Unmasking%20the%20economic%20impacts%20of%20COVID-19.pdf
57. Dileepa Fonseka, ‘When will supply chain woes end?’, Stuff, 5 December 2021, https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/the-monitor/127025910/when-will-supply-chain-woes-end
58. Nicola Capuzzo, ‘Il World Container Index di Drewry comincia a scendere’, updated 14 October 2021, https://www.shippingitaly.it/2021/10/14/il-world-container-index-di-drewry-comincia-a-scendere/
Md. Shahnawaz Sarwar, “The Drewry’s World Container Index (WCI) effectively dipped for the 200th day to end below US$5,000 at US$4.942, just a percent away from 4,900 which is a 61.8% Fibonacci retracement level. It must be noted that the index has been falling ever since 24 February 2022. The freight rates from Shanghai to Europe & US have also fallen by double-digit percentage again. While the rates from Shanghai to Los Angeles in US West Coast have depreciated two-thirds of their gains from the peak. Rates from China have dropped over 40% towards route to Europe & US. It is happened due to slower growth of China. The dip is being used to negotiate contract rates for the latest contracts starting from 2023-24.,” LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/posts/shahnawazsarwar01_the-drewrys-world-container-index-wci-activity-6976257721746550784-ZgFw
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61. Callum Thomas, ‘Supply Chain Backlogs And Bond Yield Backups’, updated 7 September 2023, https://www.investing.com/analysis/supply-chain-backlogs-and-bond-yield-backups-200565897
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64. Megan Reid, ‘Disasters and Social Inequalities’, Sociology Compass 7, no. 11 (20 November 2013), 984–997, https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12080, https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/soc4.12080
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65. Diane Anderson, Clare Dominick, Emma Langley, Kecia Painuthara, and Stephanie Palmer, Rapid Evidence Review: The immediate and medium-term social and psycho-social impacts of COVID-19 in New Zealand, Ministry of Social Development (May 2020), https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/covid-19/immediate-and-medium-term-social-and-psychosocial-impacts-of-covid-19-in-new-zealand.html#:~:text=Key%20findings&text=Social%20isolation%20and%20crowding%20may,on%20child%20wellbeing%20and%20development.
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67. Hon Kelvin Davis, Hon Nanaia Mahuta, Hon Peeni Henare, and Hon Willie Jackson, ‘Supporting Māori communities and businesses through’, media release, 22 March 2020, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/supporting-m%C4%81ori-communities-and-businesses-through
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69. Hon Grant Robertson, ‘$12.1 billion support for New Zealanders and business’, media release, 17 March 2020, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/121-billion-support-new-zealanders-and-business
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72. Oranga Tamariki, ‘Oranga Tamariki runs COVID-19 public helplines’, updated 2 April 2020, https://www.orangatamariki.govt.nz/about-us/news/oranga-tamariki-runs-covid-19-public-helplines/
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74. Ministry of Social Development, Social Sector Commissioning 2022–2028 Action Plan (2022), p 4, https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/planning-strategy/social-sector-commissioning/
75. Inspiring Communities, Shaping the Future – Enabling Community-led Change (2020), p 8, https://inspiringcommunities.org.nz/ic_resource/shaping-the-future-2/
76. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: Responding to Community need through Whānau Ora Commissioning Agencies and Iwi Connections, CMG-21-MIN-0009, 30 August 2021, https://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/mo-te-puni-kokiri/corporate-documents/cabinet-papers/all-cabinet-papers/covid19-response-responding-to-community-need
77. Ministry of Social Development, Care in the Community (CiC) welfare response – Lessons from a real-time evaluation, p 4, https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/real-time-evaluation-of-the-care-in-the-community-welfare-response/real-time-evaluation-lessons-learned.pdf
78. Inspiring Communities, Shaping the Future – Enabling Community-led Change (2020), p 4, https://inspiringcommunities.org.nz/ic_resource/shaping-the-future-2/
79. Ministry of Social Development, Food Secure Communities: strategic approach and update, REP/20/6/716, 29 June 2020, p 2, para 8, https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/covid-19/unite-against-covid/ism15-report-food-secure-communities-strategic-approach-and-update-29-jun-....pdf
80. Ministry of Social Development, Food Secure Communities: strategic approach and update, REP/20/6/716, 29 June 2020, p 3, para 11, https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/covid-19/unite-against-covid/ism15-report-food-secure-communities-strategic-approach-and-update-29-jun-....pdf
81. New Zealand Government, Summary of Initiatives in the COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund (CRRF) Foundational Package, The Treasury (29 May 2020), p 26, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/summary-intiatives/summary-initiatives-crrf-budget2020#introduction
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161. All Right?, ‘All Right? Kaikōura’, https://legacy.allright.org.nz/articles/all-right-kaikoura/
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165. Mana Mokopuna – Children and Young People’s Commission, Life in Lockdown: Children and young people’s views on the nationwide COVID-19 level 3 and 4 lockdown between March and May 2020 (13 November 2020), pp 26 and 46-47, https://www.manamokopuna.org.nz/documents/94/LifeinLockdown-OCC-Nov2020.pdf
166. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Ministry of Health, New Zealand Customs Service, Border Executive Board, and New Zealand Foreign Affairs and Trade, COVID-19 Response Weekly Report (23 June 2022), p 7, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Response-Weekly-Report-23-June-2022.pdf
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167. Stats NZ, ‘Youth unemployment rate three times national average’, updated 2 December 2021, https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/youth-unemployment-rate-three-times-national-average
168. Caroline Bell, Jonathan Williman, Ben Beaglehole, James Stanley, Matthew Jenkins, Philip Gendall, Charlene Rapsey, and Susanna Every-Palmer, ‘Psychological distress, loneliness, alcohol use and suicidality in New Zealanders with mental illness during a strict COVID-19 lockdown’, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 56, no. 7 (27 July 2022), 800-810, https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211034317, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00048674211034317. Survey participants had to be aged 18 years or older at the time of the level 4 lockdown.
169. Youthline, Annual Report 2021–2022 (2022), p iii, https://www.youthline.co.nz/uploads/2/9/8/1/29818351/youthline_annual_report_fy22-electronic.pdf
170. Te Hiringa Mahara – New Zealand Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission, Te Huringa Tuarua 2023: Mental Health and Addiction Service Monitoring Report (Wellington, 2023), https://www.mhwc.govt.nz/news-and-resources/te-huringa-tuarua-mental-health-and-addiction-service-monitoring-reports-2023/
171. Ministry of Health, ‘Annual Update of Key Results 2022/23: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]’, updated 14 December 2023, https://www.health.govt. nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202223- new-zealand-health-survey
172. Ministry of Social Development, Care in the Community (CiC) welfare response – Lessons from a real-time evaluation, p 2, https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/real-time-evaluation-of-the-care-in-the-community-welfare-response/real-time-evaluation-lessons-learned.pdf
173. Ministry of Social Development, Care in the Community (CiC) welfare response – Lessons from a real-time evaluation, https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/real-time-evaluation-of-the-care-in-the-community-welfare-response/real-time-evaluation-lessons-learned.pdf
174. Janet McAllister, Caitlin Neuwelt-Kearns, Leah Bain, Nikki Turner, and Donna Wynd, The Most Important Task: Outcomes of our collective care for low-income children in Aotearoa New Zealand in the first year of Covid-19, Child Poverty Action Group (Auckland, 1 July 2021), pp 26-27, https://www.cpag.org.nz/publications/first-year-covid-on-children
175. Cabinet Paper, Action plan for family violence and sexual violence in response to COVID-19, https://covid19.govt.nz/assets/Proactive-Releases/proactive-release/Action-plan-for-family-violence-and-secual-violence-in-response-to-COVID-19.pdf
176. Jacqui True, ‘Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch’, Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 25 (15 May 2016), 78, https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol25iss2id83,https://anzswjournal.nz/anzsw/article/view/83
177. Anna Leask, ‘Covid 19 coronavirus: Family violence tipped to rise, but help services are there 24/7 during lockdown’, The New Zealand Herald, 25 March 2020, https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/covid-19-coronavirus-family-violence-tipped-to-rise-but-help-services-are-there-247-during-lockdown/MSZPLQTBTNN7455CH6ATX7L2EE/
178. Ministry of Justice, ‘Chief Victims Advisor: Support available for victims during isolation’, media release, https://www.justice.govt.nz/about/news-and-media/news-and-media-archive/covid-19-news-archive/chief-victims-advisor-support-available-for-victims-during-isolation/
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179. Cabinet Minute, Family Violence and Sexual Violence: Action Plan in Response to COVID-19, CBC-20-MIN-0032, 8 April 2020, https://covid19.govt.nz/assets/Proactive-Releases/proactive-release/Family-Violence-and-Sexual-Violence_-Action-Plan-in-Response-to-COVID-19.pdf
180. Diego Cardona and Giles Bollinger, Our wellbeing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: Background paper to Te Tai Waiora: Wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022, The Treasury (24 November 2022), https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/tp/our-wellbeing-throughout-covid-19-pandemic
181. Diego Cardona and Giles Bollinger, Our wellbeing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: Background paper to Te Tai Waiora: Wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022, The Treasury (24 November 2022), https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/tp/our-wellbeing-throughout-covid-19-pandemic
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182. International Monetary Fund, ‘Fiscal Monitor Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic’, updated October 2021, https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Fiscal-Policies-Database-in-Response-to-COVID-19
183. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2024, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2024), pp 13, 27, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/603809f2-en
184. Tibor Lalinsky, Marianthi Anastasatou, Sofia Anyfantaki, Konstantins Benkovskis, Antonin Bergeaud, Maurice Bun, Simon Bunel, Andrea Colciago, Jan De Mulder, Davide Fantino, Beatriz González López, Jiri Havel, Valerie Jarvis, Dmitry Khametshin, Tetie Kolaiti, Olegs Krasnopjorovs, Laura Lebastard, Paloma Lopez-Garcia, Fernando Martins, Philipp Meinen, Jaanika Meriküll, Miles Parker, Josip Raos, Roberta Serafini, Domagoj Šelebaj, Béla Szörfi, Milan Vaňko, Juuso Vanhala, and Matjaž Volk, The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy support on productivity, ECB Occasional Paper No. 2024/341, European Central Bank (2024), https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpops/ecb.op341~dfff9548ed.en.pdf
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186. See, for example, Hon Nicola Willis, ‘New work-from-home guidance for public service’, media release, 23 September 2024, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-work-home-guidance-public-service
187. Bernard Hickey, ‘Covid’s big winners and losers revealed’, 26 January 2022, https://thekaka.substack.com/p/covids-big-winners-and-losers-revealed
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188. Diego Cardona and Giles Bollinger, Our wellbeing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: Background paper to Te Tai Waiora: Wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022, The Treasury (24 November 2022), p iii, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/tp/our-wellbeing-throughout-covid-19-pandemic
189. Diego Cardona and Giles Bollinger, Our wellbeing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: Background paper to Te Tai Waiora: Wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022, The Treasury (24 November 2022), https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/tp/our-wellbeing-throughout-covid-19-pandemic
190. Ministry of Social Development, Care in the Community (CiC) welfare response – Lessons from a real-time evaluation, p 3, https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/real-time-evaluation-of-the-care-in-the-community-welfare-response/real-time-evaluation-lessons-learned.pd
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191. OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2024, OECD Publishing (Paris, 2024), https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/603809f2-en
192. Cabinet Paper, Financial Arrangements for the Reserve Bank, DEV-23-SUB-0169, 10 August 2023, p 3 [para 12] and footnote, https://www.treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-09/cab-paper-dev-23-sub-0169.pdf
193. Reserve Bank of New Zealand, In Retrospect: Monetary Policy in New Zealand 2017-22 Titiro whakamuri kōkiri whakamua (10 November 2022), https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/hub/publications/monetary-policy-statement/rafimp
194. Stephen G. Cecchetti and Jens Hilscher, Fiscal Consequences of Central Bank Losses, National Bureau of Economic Research (May 2024), https://www.nber.org/papers/w32478
195. International Monetary Fund, New Zealand: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for New Zealand (Washington, D.C., 2023), pp 64-65, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2023/08/24/New-Zealand-2023-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-Statement-by-the-538455
196. Office of the Auditor-General, Making infrastructure investment decisions quickly (December 2023), p 8, https://oag.parliament.nz/2023/infrastructure-decisions/summary.htm
197. World Health Organization, ‘COVID-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide’, 2 March 2022, https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
Caroline Bell, Jonathan Williman, Ben Beaglehole, James Stanley, Matthew Jenkins, Philip Gendall, Charlene Rapsey, and Susanna Every-Palmer, ‘Psychological distress, loneliness, alcohol use and suicidality in New Zealanders with mental illness during a strict COVID-19 lockdown’, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 56, no. 7 (27 July 2022), 800-810, https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211034317, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00048674211034317