A.5 Endnotes
1. Health Act 1956, version 30 June 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1956/0065/206.0/DLM305840.html
2. New Zealand Government, ‘Epidemic Preparedness (COVID-19) Notice 2020’, updated 24 March 2024, https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2020-go1368
3. Law Reform (Epidemic Preparedness) Bill — First Reading, 4 May 2006, https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/48HansD_20060504_00001119
4. Health (Protection) Amendment Bill — First Reading, 6 November 2014, https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/51HansD_20141106_00000028
5. Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, version 1 July 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0033/latest/DLM149789.html?search=ts_act%40bill%40regulation%40deemedreg_Civil+Defence+and+Emergency+Management+Act+_resel_25_a&p=1
6. See Section 66 of the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, version 1 July 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0033/latest/DLM149789.html?search=ts_act%40bill%40regulation%40deemedreg_Civil+Defence+and+Emergency+Management+Act+_resel_25_a&p=1
7. National Emergency Management Agency, Briefing: Declaring a National State of Emergency, 24 March 2020, p 3, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2020-04/covid-19-sone.pdf
8. Regulations Review Committee, Inquiry into Parliament’s legislative response to future national emergencies (1 December 2016), https://selectcommittees.parliament.nz/v/2/55b0aae0-d8ef-4b75-b55f-2dd72122bca0
9. Hon Mark Mitchell, ‘Release of North Island Severe Weather Event Inquiry’, media release, 23 April 2024, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/release-north-island-severe-weather-event-inquiry
10. Epidemic Preparedness Act 2006, version 3 November 2021, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2006/0085/latest/DLM404459.html
11. Law Reform (Epidemic Preparedness) Bill — First Reading, 4 May 2006, https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/48HansD_20060504_00001119
12. Law Reform (Epidemic Preparedness) Bill, https://bills.parliament.nz/download/Bill/d46a4f9b-c085-4f1f-b5ff-fff99ac6168d
13. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ‘FAOLEX Database: New Zealand’, updated 25 March 2020, https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC152706/
14. COVID-19 Response (Urgent Management Measures) Legislation Act 2020, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0009/latest/LMS326982.html
15. COVID-19 Response (Urgent Management Measures) Legislation Bill, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2020/0239/latest/096be8ed81960b9a.pdf
16. COVID-19 Response (Further Management Measures) Legislation Act 2020, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0013/latest/LMS339370.html
17. COVID-19 Response (Further Management Measures) Legislation Bill, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2020/0244/latest/096be8ed81980f81.pdf
18. Courts of New Zealand, In the High Court of New Zealand Wellington Registry, Borrowdale v Director-General of Health: Judgment of the Court, CIV-2020-485-194 [2020] NZHC 2090 (Wellington, 19 August 2020), https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/Borrowdale-v-D-G-of-Health-V_1.pdf
19. The High Court of New Zealand, ‘Andrew Borrowdale v Director-General of Health and Attorney-General’, media release, 19 August 2020, https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/Borrowdale-v-D-G-of-Health-Media-Release-19.8.20.pdf
20. McGuinness Institute, COVID-19 Nation Dates (2nd ed.) (Wellington, 2024), Table A2.18 p 399-402, https://nationdatesnz.org/2ndedition/
21. COVID-19 Public Health Response Bill 246-1 (2020), Government Bill Explanatory note – New Zealand Legislation https://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2020/0246/latest/d12844704e2.html#LMS344133
22. Ministry of Health, ‘COVID-19 Section 70 orders’, updated 31 August 2023, https://www.health.govt.nz/strategies-initiatives/programmes-and-initiatives/covid-19/legislation-and-orders/section-70-orders
23. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), p 18, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
24. Schedule to the National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan Order 2015, version 5 April 2023, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2015/0140/latest/DLM6486453.html
25. Clause 10(2), Schedule to the National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan Order 2015, version 5 April 2023, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2015/0140/latest/DLM6486453.html
26. Ministry of Health, National Health Emergency Plan: A framework for the health and disability sector (Wellington, 15 October 2015), https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/national-health-emergency-plan-a-framework-for-the-health-and-disability-sector
27. Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Coordination, National Hazardscape Report, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Wellington, September 2007), https://www.civildefence.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/documents/publications/national-hazardscape/national-hazardscape-report-sept-2007-complete.pdf
28. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
29. World Health Organization, Pandemic influenza preparedness and response: a WHO guidance document (France, 3 March 2009), https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241547680
30. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), p 6, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
31. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), pp 17-19, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
32. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), p 18, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
33. National Emergency Management Agency, ‘Declared States of Emergency’, updated 26 June 2024, https://www.civildefence.govt.nz/resources/previous-emergencies/declared-states-of-emergency
34. This description of the national security system is drawn from: Office of the Auditor-General, Governance of the National Security System (November 2016), pp 12-16, https://oag.parliament.nz/2016/national-security
35. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, ‘The Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Coordination (ODESC)’, updated 27 October 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/risk-and-resilience/odesc-system-during-crisis/odesc
36. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 72, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
37. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, ‘Watch Groups’, updated 27 October 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/risk-and-resilience/odesc-system-during-crisis/watch-groups
38. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Security System Handbook (August 2016), para 34-35, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE39987621
39. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Security System Handbook (August 2016), para 36, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE39987621
40. Clause 14, National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan Order 2015, version 5 April 2023, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2015/0140/latest/DLM6486453.html
41. The Guide to the National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan 2015, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Wellington, 2015), Section 3, p 4, https://www.civildefence.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/documents/publications/guide-to-the-national-cdem-plan/Guide-to-the-National-CDEM-Plan-2015.pdf
42. National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan Order 2015, version 5 April 2023, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2015/0140/latest/DLM6486453.html, Appendix 1 Lead agencies.
43. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, ‘National Risk Framework’, updated 13 March 2024, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/risk-and-resilience/national-risk-framework
44. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 23, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
45. New Zealand Human Rights Commission, Monitoring Human Rights in the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery (2013), p 7, https://tikatangata.org.nz/cms/assets/Documents/OPCAT-Files/Monitoring-Human-Rights-in-the-Canterbury-Earthquake-Recovery.pdf
46. New Zealand Human Rights Commission, Monitoring Human Rights in the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery (2013), p 22, https://tikatangata.org.nz/cms/assets/Documents/OPCAT-Files/Monitoring-Human-Rights-in-the-Canterbury-Earthquake-Recovery.pdf
47. Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Terrorist Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019, Ko tō tātou kāinga tēnei: Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the terrorist attack on Christchurch masjidain on 15 March 2019 (26 November 2020), https://christchurchattack.royalcommission.nz/the-report/
48. New Zealand Human Rights Commission, ‘75 years on from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Aotearoa has work to do’, updated 10 December 2023, https://tikatangata.org.nz/news/75-years-on-from-the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights-aotearoa-has-work-to-do
49. New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, version 30 August 2022, https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0109/latest/DLM224792.html
50. USA, Canada, Germany and South Africa for example: see Emily Haves and Sarah Tudor, National Bills of Rights: International Examples, House of Lords Library (19 February 2016), https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/LLN-2016-0010/LLN-2016-0010.pdf