2.8 Endnotes Tuhinga āpiti
1. Mathilde S. Bourrier and Michael J. Deml, ‘The Legacy of the Pandemic Preparedness Regime: An Integrative Review’, International Journal of Public Health 67 (5 December 2022), 1604961, pp 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604961, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9760677/
2. Andrew Lakoff, Unprepared: Global Health in a Time of Emergency (2017), cited in Mathilde S. Bourrier and Michael J. Deml, ‘The Legacy of the Pandemic Preparedness Regime: An Integrative Review’, International Journal of Public Health 67 (5 December 2022), 1604961, p 4, https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604961, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9760677/
3. World Health Organization, ‘The best time to prevent the next pandemic is now: countries join voices for better emergency preparedness’, media release, 1 October 2020, https://www.who.int/news/item/01-10-2020-the-best-time-to-prevent-the-next-pandemic-is-now-countries-join-voices-for-better-emergency-preparedness
4. Jana Kunicova, Driving the COVID-19 Response from the Center: Institutional Mechanisms to Ensure Whole-of-Government Coordination, World Bank Group (1 November 2020), http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/944721604613856580/Driving-the-COVID-19-Response-from-the-Center-Institutional-Mechanisms-to-Ensure-Whole-of-Government-Coordination
5. World Health Organization, Joint external evaluation of IHR core capacities of New Zealand (Geneva, 2 September 2019), p 7, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-WHE-CPI-2019.63
6. Nuclear Threat Initiative, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, and The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2019 Global Health Security Index (October 2019), https://ghsindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019-Global-Health-Security-Index.pdf
7. The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, COVID-19: Make it the Last Pandemic (12 May 2021), pp 17, 45, 50-51, https://recommendations.theindependentpanel.org/main-report/assets/images/COVID-19-Make-it-the-Last-Pandemic_final.pdf
8. National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan Order 2015, version 5 April 2023, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2015/0140/latest/DLM6486453.html, cl 13.
9. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, ‘New Zealand’s National Risks’, updated 13 March 2024, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/risk-and-resilience/national-risk-framework/new-zealands-national-risks
10. See, for example: Auckland Civil Defence and Emergency Management and Auckland Council, Working Together to Build a Resilient Auckland: Auckland Civil Defence and Emergency Management Group Plan 2016-2021, https://www.aucklandemergencymanagement.org.nz/media/evuniccx/19-pro-0212-_resilient-auckland_-online-doc-update_proof1.pdf
Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group, Bay of Plenty Civil Defence Emergency Management Group Plan 2018/2023 (March 2018), https://www.bopcivildefence.govt.nz/media/1292/bopcdem-group-plan-2018-2023.pdf
11. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, ‘National Risk Framework’, updated 13 March 2024, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/risk-and-resilience/national-risk-framework
12. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, ‘New Zealand’s National Risks’, updated 13 March 2024, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/risk-and-resilience/national-risk-framework/new-zealands-national-risks
13. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 19, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
14. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Security System Handbook (August 2016), p 17, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE39987621
15. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 25, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
16. The Rt Hon the Baroness Hallett DBE, Module 1 Report – The resilience and preparedness of the United Kingdom, UK Covid-19 Inquiry (UK, 18 July 2024), https://covid19.public-inquiry.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/18095012/UK-Covid-19-Inquiry-Module-1-Full-Report.pdf
17. Health Act 1956, version 30 June 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1956/0065/206.0/DLM305840.html
18. Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, version 1 July 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0033/99.0/DLM149789.html
19. Section 90, Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, version 1 July 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0033/99.0/DLM149789.html
20. Section 115A, Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, version 1 July 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0033/99.0/DLM149789.html
21. National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan Order 2015, version 5 April 2023, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2015/0140/latest/DLM6486453.html
22. Epidemic Preparedness Act 2006, version 3 November 2021, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2006/0085/latest/DLM404459.html
23. COVID-19 Response (Urgent Management Measures) Legislation Act 2020, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0009/latest/LMS326982.html
24. See, for example, Hurunui/Kaikōura Earthquakes Recovery Act 2016, repealed 1 July 2021, https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2016/0102/latest/DLM7054111.html
Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Act 2011, repealed 19 April 2016, https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2011/0012/latest/DLM3653522.html
25. Legislation Design and Advisory Committee (LDAC) to Dr Deborah Russell (Chairperson of Finance and Expenditure Committee), LDAC submission on Inquiry into COVID-19 Public Health Response Act 2020, 26 June 2020, https://www.ldac.org.nz/submissions/2020-submissions/covid-19-public-health-response-act-2020
26. Janet McLean, The Legal Framework for Emergencies in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZLC SP23), Law Commission (11 November 2022), p 43, https://www.lawcom.govt.nz/our-work/emergency-powers-for-pandemics-and-other-threats/tab/study-paper
27. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
28. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), p 1, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
29. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), pp 144-146, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
30. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), pp 17-18, https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
31. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), Part 8, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
32. Ministry of Health, Exercise POMARE: Post exercise report (Wellington, 20 September 2018), p 11, https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/exercise-pomare-post-exercise-report
33. Section 59, Public Service Act 2020, version 1 July 2024, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0040/111.0/LMS106159.html
Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
34. Te Kawa Mataaho Public Service Commission, ‘Public Service Leadership Team’, https://www.publicservice.govt.nz/system/leaders/public-service-leadership-team
35. Inspiring Communities, Shaping the Future – Enabling Community-led Change (2020), https://inspiringcommunities.org.nz/ic_resource/shaping-the-future-2/
36. The Guide to the National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan 2015, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Wellington, 2015), Section 03, p 04, https://www.civildefence.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/documents/publications/guide-to-the-national-cdem-plan/Guide-to-the-National-CDEM-Plan-2015.pdf
37. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Noting Paper: All of Government System, 11 March 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/All-of-Government-System.pdf
38. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 48, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
39. Explanatory note, COVID-19 Public Health Response Bill, 246-1, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2020/0246/latest/LMS344134.html#d12844704e2
40. Brian Roche, Rebecca Kitteridge, and Dave Gawn, Rapid Review of Initial Operating Model and Organisational Arrangements for the National Response to COVID-19, New Zealand Government (23 April 2020), https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Rapid-Review-of-Initial-Operating-Model-and-Organisational-Arrangments-for-the-National-Response-to-COVID-19.pdf
41. Rebecca Kitteridge, Oliver Valins, Rachel Carter, and Sarah Holland, Second rapid review of the COVID-19 all-of-government response, New Zealand Government (31 October 2020), https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Second-rapid-review-of-the-COVID-19-all-of-goverment-response.pdf
42. Brian Roche, Rebecca Kitteridge, and Dave Gawn, Rapid Review of Initial Operating Model and Organisational Arrangements for the National Response to COVID-19, New Zealand Government (23 April 2020), pp 5, 12, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Rapid-Review-of-Initial-Operating-Model-and-Organisational-Arrangments-for-the-National-Response-to-COVID-19.pdfOffice of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
43. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 4, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
44. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), pp 51-52, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
45. Cabinet agreed to the transfer of MIQ responsibilities on 15 June: see Cabinet Paper and Minute, A Sustainable Quarantine and Managed Isolation System, CAB-20-MIN-0284, 15 June 2020, https://covid19.govt.nz/assets/Proactive-Releases/proactive-release-2020-july/B11-Minute-and-Paper-A-Sustainable-Quarantine-and-Managed-Isolation-System-15-June-2020.pdf
46. Rebecca Kitteridge, Oliver Valins, Rachel Carter, and Sarah Holland, Second rapid review of the COVID-19 all-of-government response, New Zealand Government (31 October 2020), p 14, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Second-rapid-review-of-the-COVID-19-all-of-goverment-response.pdf
47. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 55, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
48. Sources for this observation: Michael G. Baker, Nick Wilson, and Tony Blakely, ‘Elimination could be the optimal response strategy for covid-19 and other emerging pandemic diseases’, BMJ 371 (22 December 2020), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4907, https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4907.shortLeah Grout, Magnús Gottfreðsson, Amanda Kvalsvig, Michael G. Baker, Nick Wilson, and Jennifer Summers, ‘Comparing COVID-19 pandemic health responses in two high-income island nations: Iceland and New Zealand’, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 51, no. 5 (2023), 797-813, https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948221149143, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717984/
Michael König and Adalbert Winkler, ‘The impact of government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on GDP growth: Does strategy matter?’, PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021), e0259362, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259362, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0259362
49. Michael König and Adalbert Winkler, ‘The impact of government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on GDP growth: Does strategy matter?’, PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021), e0259362, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259362, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0259362
50. Ministry of Health, Phases of the New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan as applied to the 2019-nCoV response as at 30 January 2020 – updated as at 2 Feb 2020, 2 February 2020, https://covid19.govt.nz/assets/Proactive-Releases/proactive-release/Phases-of-the-New-Zealand-Influenza-Pandemic-Plan-as-applied-to-the-2019-nCoV-response-as-at-30-January-2020-updated-as-at-2-Feb-2020.pdf
51. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, System architecture (Health System preparedness), 17 March 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Systems-architecture-Health-System-preparedness.pdf
52. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, COVID-19 Mitigation versus suppression, 18 March 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Mitigation-versus-suppression.pdf
53. World Health Organization, WHO Emergencies Coronavirus Emergency Committee Second Meeting (30 January 2020), https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/ihr-emergency-committee-for-pneumonia-due-to-the-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-press-briefing-transcript-30012020.pdf?sfvrsn=c9463ac1_2
World Health Organization, ‘Updated WHO recommendations for international traffic in relation to COVID-19 outbreak’, updated 29 February 2020, https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-who-recommendations-for-international-traffic-in-relation-to-covid-19-outbreak
54. Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor, Evidence Bundle: COVID-19-Advice Bundle – March 2020, PMCSA-20-4, 1 April 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2022-04/PMCSA-20-04_COVID-19-March-Advice-Bundle-Final-v2.pdf
55. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: Moving to Alert Level 3 and Level 4, CAB-20-SUB-0133 and CAB-20-MIN-0133, 23 March 2020, p 1, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Moving-to-Alert-Level-3-and-Level-4.pdf
56. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: Preparing to Review New Zealand’s Level 4 Status, CAB-20-SUB-0161 and CAB-20-MIN-0161, 14 April 2020, p 3, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Preparing-to-Review-New-Zealands-Alert-Level-4-Status.pdf
57. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: Preparing to Review New Zealand’s Level 4 Status, CAB-20-SUB-0161 and CAB-20-MIN-0161, 14 April 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Preparing-to-Review-New-Zealands-Alert-Level-4-Status.pdf
58. Ministry of Health, New Zealand Influenza Pandemic Plan: A framework for action (2nd edn) (Wellington, 2017), https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE53291176
59. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 4 October 2021 Review of Alert Settings, CAB-21-MIN-0407, 4 October 2021, p 2, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ALC9-04102021-COVID-19-Response-4-October-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdf
60. ‘Post-Cabinet Press Conference: Monday, 4 October Hansard Transcript’, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2021-10/Post-Cabinet%20press%20Conference%204%20October%202021.pdf
61. Eva Corlett, ‘New Zealand Covid elimination strategy to be phased out, Ardern says’, The Guardian, 4 October 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/04/new-zealand-covid-strategy-in-transition-ardern-says-as-auckland-awaits-lockdown-decision
62. Michael G Baker, Amanda Kvalsvig, Sue Crengle, Matire Harwood, Collin Tukuitonga, Bryan Betty, John Bonning, and Nick Wilson, ‘The next phase in Aotearoa New Zealand’s COVID-19 response: a tight suppression strategy may be the best option’, New Zealand Medical Journal 134, no. 1546 (26 November 2021), 8-16, https://nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-134-no-1546/the-next-phase-in-aotearoa-new-zealands-covid-19-response-a-tight-suppression-strategy-may-be-the-best-option-open-access
63. Strategic COVID-19 Public Health Advisory Group to Hon Dr Ayesha Verrall (Associate Minister of Health), Strategy for a Highly Vaccinated New Zealand, 8 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Public-Health-Advisory-Group-feedback-letter-from-Sir-David-Skegg.pdf
64. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: A Strategy for a Highly Vaccinated New Zealand, CAB-21-MIN-0393, 27 September 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-A-Strategy-for-a-Highly-Vaccinated-New-Zealand.pdfV2.pdf
Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: A Strategy for a Highly Vaccinated New Zealand: Report Back, CAB-21-MIN-0406, 4 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-A-Strategy-for-a-Highly-Vaccinated-New-Zealand-Report-Back.pdfV2.pdf
Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: Confirming a strategy for a highly vaccinated New Zealand, CAB-21-MIN-0421, 18 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Confirming-a-strategy-for-a-highly-vaccinated-New-Zealand.pdf
65. Ministry of Health, Memo: COVID-19 Response: Updated strategy for moving to minimisation and protection, H202117382, obtained under Official Information Act 1982 request to Ministry of Health, 11 November 2021, https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/2022-06/h202117382_response.pdf
66. Rt Hon Jacinda Ardern, ‘New COVID-19 Protection Framework delivers greater freedoms for vaccinated New Zealanders’, media release, 22 October 2021, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-covid-19-protection-framework-delivers-greater-freedoms-vaccinated-new-zealanders
Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 29 November Review of COVID-19 Protection Framework Settings for New Zealand, CAB-21-MIN-0509, 29 November 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Review-of-COVID-19-Protection-Framework-Settings-for-New-Zealand.pdf
67. Rt Hon Jacinda Ardern, ‘Auckland boundary to change 15 December’, media release, 17 November 2021, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/auckland-boundary-change-15-december
68. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 18 October 2021 Review of Alert Settings, CAB-21-MIN-0422, 18 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ALC11-18102021-COVID-19-Response-18-October-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdf
Cabinet Paper, COVID-19 Response: 1 November 2021 Review of Alert Level Settings, 1 November 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/AL8-01112021-COVID-19-Response-1-November-2021-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdf
69. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: Transition to the COVID-19 Protection Framework and the Auckland Alert Level Boundary, CAB-21-MIN-0477, 15 November 2021, para 4, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Transition-to-the-COVID-19-Protection-Framework-and-the-Auckland-Alert-Level-Boundary.pdf
70. Juliet Gerrard and Ian Town, Briefing: Summary of expert workshop -Traffic Light System, PMCSA-21-10-05-V1, 15 October 2021, p 4, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2024-01/PMCSA-21-10-05-V1-Summary-of-expert-workshop.pdf
71. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 4 October 2021 Review of Alert Settings, CAB-21-MIN-0407, 4 October 2021, para 9, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ALC9-04102021-COVID-19-Response-4-October-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdf
72. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 4 October 2021 Review of Alert Settings, CAB-21-MIN-0407, 4 October 2021, para 8, 9, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ALC9-04102021-COVID-19-Response-4-October-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdf
73. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 11 October 2021 Review of Alert Settings, CAB-21-MIN-0415, 11 October 2021, para 24, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ALC10-11102021-COVID-19-Response-11-October-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdf
74. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, October Community Panel Meeting Minutes, 6 October 2021, p 4, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/October-Community-Panel-Meeting-Minutes-06102021.pdf
75. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Briefing: COVID-19 Protection Framework Settings, DPMC-2021/22-621, 20 October 2021, para 7, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Protection-Framework-Settings.pdf
76. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: A Strategy for a Highly Vaccinated New Zealand: Report Back, CAB-21-MIN-0406, 4 October 2021, para 42, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-A-Strategy-for-a-Highly-Vaccinated-New-Zealand-Report-Back.pdfV2.pdf
77. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: Implementing the COVID-19 Protection Framework, CAB-21-MIN-0497, 22 November 2021, p 1, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Implementing-the-COVID-19-Protection-Framework.pdf
78. Juliet Gerrard and Ian Town, Briefing: Summary of expert workshop -Traffic Light System, PMCSA-21-10-05-V1, 15 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2024-01/PMCSA-21-10-05-V1-Summary-of-expert-workshop.pdf
79. TRA, Behaviour and Sentiment November update – including December pulse check, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (31 December 2021), https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Behaviour-and-Sentiment-Report-November-Update-including-December-pulse-check.pdf
80. Rt Hon Jacinda Ardern and Hon Dr Ayesha Verrall, ‘COVID-19 Protection Framework retired NZ moves forward with certainty’, media release, 12 September 2022, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/covid-19-protection-framework-retired-nz-moves-forward-certainty
81. Cabinet Paper and Minute, Future of the COVID-19 Protection Framework and Moving to the New Approach, SWC-22-MIN-0159, p 1, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2022-12/SWC-22-SUB-0159-future-c19-protection-framework.pdf
82. Clemenger BBDO, COVID-19 Public Awareness Campaign – Creative Recommendations (March 2020), p 14, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2022-03/dpmc-roia-oia-2020-21-0688-material-re-clemengerbbod-omd.pdf
83. Hillary Borrud, ‘Oregon launches stark new public appeal: Stay home, ‘Don’t accidentally kill someone’’, OregonLive, 28 March 2020, https://www.oregonlive.com/coronavirus/2020/03/oregon-launches-stark-new-public-appeal-stay-home-dont-accidentally-kill-someone.html
84. Clemenger BBDO, COVID-19 Public Awareness Campaign – Creative Recommendations (March 2020), https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2022-03/dpmc-roia-oia-2020-21-0688-material-re-clemengerbbod-omd.pdf
85. TRA, COVID-19 – Response to communications (30 April 2020), p 17, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Covid-19-Awareness-Baseline-Report.pdf
86. Sarah Sparks, COVID-19 Community Panel, Chair’s Report, DPMC-2022/23-129, 30 August 2022, p 11, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2022-12/30082022-covid-19-community-panel-chairs-report.pdf
87. Public Service Commission, Leading through COVID-19 – PSLT narrative, September 2023, p 18, https://oag.parliament.nz/2024/covid-19-follow-up/docs/psc.pdf
88. Brian Roche, Rebecca Kitteridge, and Dave Gawn, Rapid Review of Initial Operating Model and Organisational Arrangements for the National Response to COVID-19, New Zealand Government (23 April 2020), https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Rapid-Review-of-Initial-Operating-Model-and-Organisational-Arrangments-for-the-National-Response-to-COVID-19.pdf
89. Rebecca Kitteridge, Oliver Valins, Rachel Carter, and Sarah Holland, Second rapid review of the COVID-19 all-of-government response, New Zealand Government (31 October 2020), https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Second-rapid-review-of-the-COVID-19-all-of-goverment-response.pdf
90. The Rt Hon the Baroness Hallett DBE, Module 1 Report – The resilience and preparedness of the United Kingdom, UK Covid-19 Inquiry (UK, 18 July 2024), p 4, https://covid19.public-inquiry.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/18095012/UK-Covid-19-Inquiry-Module-1-Full-Report.pdf
91. Commonwealth of Australia, Australian Government Crisis Management Framework, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (18 September 2024), p 23, https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/resource/download/agcmf-framework-2.pdf
92. Rebecca Kitteridge, Oliver Valins, Rachel Carter, and Sarah Holland, Second rapid review of the COVID-19 all-of-government response, New Zealand Government (31 October 2020), p 4, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Second-rapid-review-of-the-COVID-19-all-of-goverment-response.pdf
93. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Briefing: COVID-19: Response Group: Role and Functions, 1 December 2020, p 3, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ND2-01122020-COVID-19-Response-Group-Role-and-Functions.pdf
94. COVID-19 Chief Executives Board, COVID-19 Chief Executives Board: Terms of Reference, OIA-2022/23-0193, obtained under Official Information Act 1982 request to Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, 28 June 2022, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-08/dpmc-roia-oia-2022-23-0193.pdf
95. COVID-19 Chief Executives Board, COVID-19 Chief Executives Board Minutes, OIA-2021/22-0684, obtained under Official Information Act 1982 request to Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, 2021, https://fyi.org.nz/request/17765/response/75491/attach/4/FOR%20RELEASE%202%20of%202%20OIA%202021%2022%200684.pdf
COVID-19 Chief Executives Board, COVID-19 Chief Executives Board Minutes, OIA-2021/22-1549, obtained under Official Information Act 1982 request to Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, 2021 – 2022, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/dpmc-roia-OIA-2021-22-1549-request-copies-minutes.pdf
COVID-19 Chief Executives Board, COVID-19 Chief Executives Board Minutes, OIA-2022/23-0236, obtained under Official Information Act 1982 request to Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, 2022, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-08/dpmc-roia-oia-2022-23-0236.pdf
96. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: Moving to Alert Level 3 and Level 4, CAB-20-SUB-0133 and CAB-20-MIN-0133, 23 March 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-Moving-to-Alert-Level-3-and-Level-4.pdf
97. Hon Grant Robertson, Statement to Parliament on the Economic Response to COVID-19, 17 March 2020, https://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/statement-parliament-economic-response-covid-19
98. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 18 October 2021 Review of Alert Settings, CAB-21-MIN-0422, 18 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ALC11-18102021-COVID-19-Response-18-October-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdf
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Briefing: Reconnecting New Zealanders: Updated Advice on Isolation Settings at the Border, DPMC-2021/22-1542, 28 February 2022, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Reconnecting-New-Zealanders-Updated-Advice-on-Isolation-Settings-at-the-Border.pdf
99. Section 9, COVID-19 Public Health Response Act 2020, version 13 May 2020, https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0012/30.0/LMS344134.html
100. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19 Response: 18 October 2021 Review of Alert Settings, CAB-21-MIN-0422, 18 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ALC11-18102021-COVID-19-Response-18-October-Review-of-Alert-Level-Settings.pdfDepartment of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Briefing: Reconnecting New Zealanders: Updated Advice on Isolation Settings at the Border, DPMC-2021/22-1542, 28 February 2022, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Reconnecting-New-Zealanders-Updated-Advice-on-Isolation-Settings-at-the-Border.pdf
101. Philip Hill and Brian Roche, Report for Advisory Committee to oversee the implementation of the New Zealand COVID-19 Surveillance Plan and Testing Strategy, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (28 September 2020), p 9, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Final_Report-of-Advisory-Committee-to-Oversee-the-Implementation-of-the-....pdf
102. Such as the findings of Waitangi Tribunal, Haumaru: The COVID-19 Priority Report – Pre-publication Version (Wellington, 2021), https://www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz/news/tribunal-releases-priority-report-on-covid-19-response/
103. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Briefing: Establishment of COVID-19 Engagement Mechanisms for Business, DPMC-2020/21-615, 18 March 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/MA4-18032021-Establishment-of-COVID-19-Engagement-Mechanisms-for-Business.pdf
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Briefing: Future of the COVID-19 Independent Advisory Groups, DPMC-2021/22-1934, 19 May 2022, para 48, https://covid19.govt.nz/assets/Proactive-Releases/independent-advisory-groups/31-October-2022/Future-of-COVID-19-Independent-Advisory-Groups-19052022.pdf
104. Brian Roche, Rebecca Kitteridge, and Dave Gawn, Rapid Review of Initial Operating Model and Organisational Arrangements for the National Response to COVID-19, New Zealand Government (23 April 2020), p 5, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Rapid-Review-of-Initial-Operating-Model-and-Organisational-Arrangments-for-the-National-Response-to-COVID-19.pdf
105. Office of the Auditor-General, Co-ordination of the all-of-government response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (December 2022), p 6, https://oag.parliament.nz/2022/covid-19
106. Max Towle, ‘Covid-19: ‘New Zealand’s response has been one of the strongest’ – WHO’, RNZ, 29 April 2020, https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/415375/covid-19-new-zealand-s-response-has-been-one-of-the-strongest-who
Ian Bremmer, ‘The Best Global Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic, 1 Year Later’, TIME, 12 June 2020, updated 23 February 2021, https://time.com/5851633/best-global-responses-covid-19/
107. RNZ, ‘’Take away some of their rights’ – Sir John Key on incentivising vaccinations’, 27 September 2021, https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/452377/take-away-some-of-their-rights-sir-john-key-on-incentivising-vaccinations
National, ‘50,000 sign up in less than a day to end MIQ’, https://www.national.org.nz/50000-sign-up-in-less-than-a-day-to-end-miq
108. Max Towle, ‘Covid-19: ‘New Zealand’s response has been one of the strongest’ – WHO’, RNZ, 29 April 2020, https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/415375/covid-19-new-zealand-s-response-has-been-one-of-the-strongest-who
Ian Bremmer, ‘The Best Global Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic, 1 Year Later’, TIME, 12 June 2020, updated 23 February 2021, https://time.com/5851633/best-global-responses-covid-19/
Stacey Kung, Thomas Hills, Nethmi Kearns, and Richard Beasley, ‘New Zealand’s COVID-19 elimination strategy and mortality patterns’, Lancet 402, no. 10407 (2023), 1037-1038, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01368-5, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)01368-5/fulltext
109. Ministry of Health, COVID-19 Health and Disability System Response Plan (Wellington, 15 April 2020), p 2, https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/covid-19-health-and-disability-system-response-plan
110. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet and Ministry of Health, Joint Health and DPMC COVID-19 Group Report: Refining and Improving the Elimination Strategy for COVID-19: Next Steps, 2020165 DPMC-2020/22-372, 15 December 2020, p 2, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/ND6-15122020-Refining-and-Improving-the-Elimination-Strategy-for-COVID-19-Next-Steps.pdf
111. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Briefing: Update on the Elimination Strategy and Changes to the COVID-19 Alert Level Framework, DPMC-2020/21-990, 27 May 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/MB4-27052021-Update-on-the-Elimination-Strategy-and-Changes-to-the-COVID-19-Alert-Level-Framework.pdf
112. Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: A Strategy for a Highly Vaccinated New Zealand, CAB-21-MIN-0393, 27 September 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-A-Strategy-for-a-Highly-Vaccinated-New-Zealand.pdfV2.pdf
Cabinet Paper and Minute, COVID-19: A Strategy for a Highly Vaccinated New Zealand: Report Back, CAB-21-MIN-0406, 4 October 2021, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/COVID-19-A-Strategy-for-a-Highly-Vaccinated-New-Zealand-Report-Back.pdfV2.pdf
113. Strategic COVID-19 Public Health Advisory Group to Hon Dr Ayesha Verrall (Associate Minister of Health), Future of the Elimination Strategy, 10 June 2021, p 6, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Letter-to-the-Minister-Future-of-the-Elimination-Strategy.pdf
114. Jo Moir, ‘Hipkins: ‘We were swimming upstream the whole way through the year’’, Newsroom, 8 December 2023, https://newsroom.co.nz/2023/12/08/hipkins-we-were-swimming-upstream-the-whole-way-through-the-year/
115. Dutch Safety Board, Summary – Approach to COVID-19 Crisis Part 3: January 2020 through to September 2022 (The Hague, 25 October 2023), https://www.onderzoeksraad.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/approach_to_covid_19_crisis_part_3_summary.pdf
116. Peter Shergold, Jillian Broadbent, Isobel Marshall, and Peter Varghese, Fault Lines: an independent review into Australia’s response to COVID-19 (20 October 2022), https://www.paulramsayfoundation.org.au/news-resources/fault-lines-an-independent-review-into-australias-response-to-covid-19
117. OECD, OECD Report on Public Communication: The Global Context and the Way Forward, OECD Publishing (Paris, 21 December 2021), p 149, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/22f8031c-en
118. John Ombler, Noting Paper: Public Information, 11 March 2020, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2023-01/Public-Information.pdf
119. Classification Office, The Edge of the Infodemic: Challenging Misinformation in Aotearoa (Wellington, June 2021), https://www.classificationoffice.govt.nz/resources/research/the-edge-of-the-infodemic/
120. Jordan Liles, ‘Did New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern Once Say, ‘Unless You Hear It from Us, It Is Not the Truth’?’, Snopes, 26 July 2022, https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/jacinda-ardern-truth/
121. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Unite Against the COVID-19 Infodemic – September 2022 Kantar Public, 4 July 2023, p 2, https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/publications/proactive-release-unite-against-covid-19-infodemic-september-2022-kantar-public
122. Craig Fookes, Social Cohesion in New Zealand: Background paper to Te Tai Waiora: Wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022 (AP 22/01), The Treasury (Wellington, 24 November 2022), https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/ap/ap-22-01
Classification Office, The Edge of the Infodemic: Challenging Misinformation in Aotearoa (Wellington, June 2021), https://www.classificationoffice.govt.nz/resources/research/the-edge-of-the-infodemic/